How Do We Form Present Perfect Negatives?

To make a negative sentence in the Present Perfect, we follow a simple structure:

• Subject + have/has + not + past participle

Мы используем have not для I, you, we, they. We use has not для he, she, it.

You can also use contractions to speak more naturally:

• have not становится haven’t
• has not становится hasn’t

How Do We Form Present Perfect Questions?

To ask a question in the Present Perfect, we change the word order. The auxiliary verb have или has comes before the subject:

• Have/Has + subject + past participle?

Мы используем Have для I, you, we, they. We use Has для he, she, it.

For yes/no questions, the answer is usually short:

• Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
• Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.

Using ‘Ever’ and ‘Never’ with Present Perfect

Ever и never are common adverbs with the Present Perfect. They talk about experiences at any time up to now.

• Мы используем ever in questions. It means ‘at any time in your life’.
• Мы используем never in negative sentences. It means ‘not at any time’. Remember, never already makes the sentence negative, so do not use not with never.

Using ‘Yet’ with Present Perfect Negatives and Questions

Yet is another useful adverb. We use it to talk about something that we expect to happen.

• In negative sentences, yet means ‘up to this time’. It usually comes at the end of the sentence.
• In questions, yet asks if something has happened up to this time. It also usually comes at the end of the question.

Примеры

• I haven’t seen that movie before.
• She hasn’t finished her book yet.
• We haven’t eaten dinner.
• They have never visited France.
• He has never tried sushi.
• Have you ever flown in a helicopter?
• Has she called you back yet?
• Have they arrived at the party?
• What have you done today?
• Where has he gone?

Практика

Распространенные ошибки у носителей испанского языка

Люди, говорящие по-испански, иногда допускают следующие ошибки:

• Using ‘don’t’ or ‘doesn’t’ instead of ‘haven’t’ or ‘hasn’t’: In Spanish, you might use ‘no’ with the verb. In English, for the Present Perfect, you must use have not или has not.
  Неправильно: I don’t seen that movie.
  Правильно: I haven’t seen that movie.
• Incorrect word order in questions: Remember to put have/has before the subject.
  Неправильно: You have ever been to London?
  Правильно: Have you ever been to London?
• Using ‘not’ with ‘never’: Never already makes the sentence negative.
  Неправильно: I haven’t never visited Rome.
  Правильно: I have never visited Rome.

Часто задаваемые вопросы

What is the main difference between ‘haven’t’ and ‘hasn’t’?

The difference is the subject. We use haven’t для I, you, we, they. We use hasn’t для he, she, it.

Can I use ‘ever’ in negative sentences?

No, we usually use ever only in questions. For negative sentences, use never или not…any, for example: I haven’t ever been there is less common than I have never been there или I haven’t been there at all.

Where does ‘yet’ go in a sentence?

Yet usually goes at the end of a negative sentence or a question, for example: I haven’t finished yet. или Have you eaten yet?

Is ‘Have you been to…?’ the same as ‘Did you go to…?’

No, they are different. Have you been to…? (Present Perfect) asks about an experience at any time up to now. Did you go to…? (Simple Past) asks about a specific trip in the past, usually with a specific time mentioned or understood.

Связанные уроки

• Present perfect